The calling of saul of tarsus Essay Example

The calling of saul of tarsus Paper A taking tormentor of Christians, Saul of Tarsus sought to destruct the Church ( 1 Cor. 15:9 ; Gal. 1:13, 23 ) . Except for Jesus, no 1 influenced the early church more than Saul, besides known as the apostle Paul. This paper will analyze the fortunes and events motivating a avid tormentor of the church to go the most influential leader for the spread of the Gospel to the Gentiles. It will be shown that the naming of Saul was a true transition even though he was non traveling from one faith to another. His naming emphasized alteration but emphasized the strong belief that the concluding look and purpose of Judaism had been born. We will write a custom essay sample on The calling of saul of tarsus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The calling of saul of tarsus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The calling of saul of tarsus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Paul was born a Jew, and was a citizen of Tarsus where he was a tentmaker by trade. He received his rabbinic preparation in Jerusalem, under the instruction of Gamaliel. Harmonizing to Paul s ain history, he was a rigorous disciple among Pharisees ( Gal. 1:14, Phil. 3:5-6 ) . Paul inherited Roman citizenship ( Acts 22:2528 ) , which was widely granted during the latter portion of the Roman democracy. Paul claims in Acts 22:28, that he had been born a Roman citizen. This would intend that he had inherited Roman citizenship from his male parent. Small is known of Pauls life prior to the events discussed in Acts. He is first mentioned in chapter 7 in connexion with the executing of Stephen. Harmonizing to Acts 7:58, the informants laid their apparels at the pess of a immature adult male named Saul. Paul was a Pharisee, a outstanding immature member of that religious order. Steeped in the monotheism of the Old Testament Scriptures, he could merely number as blasphemy the claims of Jesus adherents that their Maestro was the Son of God. He could merely roast the issue of a life that terminated, as he thought, on a despised cross and in a glooming burial chamber, instead than on a throne of glorification. With respect to Pauls pre-Christian attitude to the Gospel, one thing is certain ; he was opposed to it with his whole bosom. In his apostolic letters he speaks of his old hatred for the church ( Gal 1:13 ; Phil 3:6 ) . His persecution of Christians was to him a holy war. The lone account that can be given of his sudden reversal is that the risen Christ really appeared to him and by the sheer persuasion of His divinity, claimed the religion and commitment of the tormentor. Paul s conversion/calling to the Way took topographic point near the metropolis of Damascus. Four features stand out in the histories of this event. First, Paul was actively engaged in oppressing Christians and did non expect his transition ( Acts 9:19 ; 22:416 ; 26:917 ) . Second, the event that initiated the unexpected alteration of class was a disclosure of Jesus Christ made to Paul entirely. Third, Soon after this disclosure Paul had contact with a certain Christian ( Ananias ) in Damascus who recognized Paul as a truster in Christ by baptising him. Fourth, Paul was instantly called by Jesus to take the Gospel to the Gentiles ( 1 Cor. 9:1 ; 15:89 ; Gal. 1:1516 ; californium. Eph. 3:16 ) . Paul s Damascus experience becomes the most celebrated conversion/calling in history. Suddenly he is blinded by a visible radiation from heaven the visible radiation of the glorification of Christ. His resignation to Jesus was instantaneous and complete: What shall I make, Lord? ( Acts 22:10 ) . He could non see because of the glorification of that visible radiation ( Acts 22:11 ) , but he had already seen the visible radiation of the cognition of the glorification of God in the face of Jesus Christ ( 2 Corinthians 4:6 ) . The God of this universe could blind him no longer. At his conversion/calling, Paul was commanded to open the eyes and turn them from darkness to visible radiation ( Acts 26:18 ) . Although Paul was blinded after his brush with the Lord, Ananias laid custodies on Paul, something like graduated tables fell from his eyes ( Acts 9:18 ) , and he was able to see. He had first-hand cognition and experience of turning from darkness to visible radiation, and his bid from the Lord was every bit clear as his freshly regained sight. Content to touch to Paul s sightlessness and recovery as historical events, Luke wants by a sober narrative of carefully selected facts to do it clear that Paul s meeting with Christ is non to be classed with other visions, nevertheless supernatural, but is to be accepted on a par with the other visual aspects of the Risen Lord. So Paul goes from opposing God and oppressing Jesus to fall ining the persecuted side. After passing several yearss with the adherents at Damascus, Saul went into the temples and boldly proclaimed Jesus, that he is the Son of God ( Acts 9:20 ) . Krister Stendahl argues that a proper reading of Romans 7 shows that Paul, as a loyal Jew, had experienced no battle or guilt feelings that would hold led him, through dissatisfaction with the jurisprudence, to turn to Christ .Neither did he endure from an introverted scruples ..Stendahl prefers to see him as person who did non abandon his Jewishness for a new faith but, instead, as a Jew who was given a new career in service of the Gentiles. The description, in Acts, of Paul s sudden transition on the route to Damascus is chiefly the creative activity of Luke ; Paul s biographer. Luke s description of Paul is non impartial life either, for it was intended to dramatise the early church s journey from Judea into the gentile universe. In some ways Luke downplays Paul s claims, but he uses Paul s life and mission to exemplify the fate of Christianity. Many of the inside informations of Paul s life semen from Luke since most biographical inside informations are losing from Paul s ain letters. Luke s description of Paul s transition draws on the Hebrew Bible for subjects of prophetic naming, paralleling the commissioning of Jeremiah ( Jer. 1:5-11 ) and Isaiah ( Isa. 6:1-9 ) . Paul s naming , and ultimate transition to Christianity, depicts the decisive alteration Paul experienced. Not merely was Paul s conversion/calling singular with regard to his position of Jesus, but in his attitude toward Gentiles. Hebraism is good known for its exclusivist attitude. It was improper for a Jew to hold fellowship with one who is uncircumcised. Along with his transition he received a prophetic committee to change over the heathens. It is unequal to talk merely in footings of Paul s conversionas if he were traveling from one faith to another ; and likewise merely in footings of his Callas if he were go oning in an unchanged religion. The conversion-call combination emphasizes both continuity and alteration. Stendahl challenges the rightness of transition linguistic communication because Paul has non changed faiths, that is, he neer turns from truenesss to the God with which he began. While the reply might look clear plenty, working with Stendahl s premises complicates the undertaking ; and moreover, Luke nowhere explicitly defines transition, nor provides a consistent form of entry into the church. When he does stipulate the agencies by which one joins the group, he is by and large rounding out narrative parts which demonstrate the overarching effects of sermon. He does, nevertheless, offer sufficient stuff for us at least to see the nature of a changed relationship with God, and inquire whether the alteration constitutes transition. Although we customarily label this experience Pauls transition, this can be done merely in retrospect, for at that clip Judaism and Christianity were non yet separate faiths. In world, Paul changed trade names of Judaism, exchanging from Pharisaic to Christ ian Judaism. One of the chief ways that Luke demonstrates Saul s changed relationship with God is to demo this alteration in group associations. That is, while non an terminal in itself, his new corporate individuality points to the ultimate world underpinning his alteration. What is apparent is the fact that the gospel message is get downing to widen beyond Jerusalem and Judea. Paul inhabits that universe of Christianity which he once tried to kill off through the violent death of Stephen. However, it was Stephen and his circle, non Paul, who launched a mission to Gentiles. Paul s missional endeavor is non framed in generalizations, as it is in Acts 1:8 ( to be my informants ) and Acts 9:15 ( to transport my name ) . In Acts 22 and 26, Paul is directed to attest specifically about what he has seen and heard on the route to Damascus. The missional charge to prophesy before male monarchs in Acts 9:15 is Luke s expectancy of the manner he closed Paul s public ministry by holding Paul preach before King Agrippa ( Acts 26:1-32 ) , and it is implicative of a Pauline visual aspect before Caesar ( californium. Acts 23:11, 25:10-12 and 27:23-24. ) Since Paul is the great missional to the Gentiles, it is appropriate that his conversion/call instantly precede the world-wide spread of the Gospel. Hence, Luke introduces it instantly before the motion of the Gospel into the Gentile universe, as the decision to the Palestinian mission. What were the effects of this event for Pauls divinity? The most hard inquiry to work out was, What impact does the Christian Gospel have on the construct and observation of the Law ( Torah ) ? This inquiry is still disputed today. The basic job is that Paul seems to be hovering between two constructs of jurisprudence, a Judaic construct and his ain Christian construct. Paul called his new construct the jurisprudence of Christ ( Gal. 6:2 ) . The jurisprudence summarized the Scriptures in another manner, by sing the love bid as the common denominator. For the whole jurisprudence is fulfilled in one word: you shall love your neighbour as yourself ( Gal. 5:14 ) . As Paul attempted to do sense of Christian divinity, the Damascus event provided an unexpected reply to an old Judaic inquiry: Is God the God of Jews merely? Is he non the God of heathens besides? Because Christ ordered Paul to prophesy the Gospel to the heathens, Paul could now reply boldly: Yes, of Gentiles besides Decision When reading Acts, one is struck by the immediateness of Paul s activity as an vindicator and theologist for the Christian community after his transition ( Acts 9:20-22, 28-29 ) . His theological positions were already so profound as to be incontrovertible by his first-century Judaic oppositions ( 9:22 ) . Neither the brevity of the Damascus event nor the three short yearss of sightlessness following it allowed for a new theological instruction. Therefore the brush with Jesus must non hold required the forsaking of his former acquisition, but informed and reoriented it toward a new apprehension of salvation-history around some cardinal theological point revealed to him in the event. It was Paul s strong belief that if one read the Torah narrative, stressing it as a narrative of God s plants of redemption and righteousness for antediluvian Israel, so one could non get away seeing that God had wrought another redemption, and committed another righteousness, in Christ merely like the 1s of old but an even greater one! Paul was so excited by his belief that God had committed a new, mighty act in Christ, that he merely could non understand why everybody did non see it the manner he did. For Paul, as for Jeremiah, it was a inquiry of how you think. The New Testament contains six sum-ups of Paul s transition experience ( Acts 9:1-30 ; 22:1-21 ; 26:1-23 ; Gal. 1:13-17 ; 1 Cor. 15:8-10 ; Phil. 3:4-11 ) . Paul besides alludes to the event on the route to Damascus several times ( Rom. 10:2-4 ; 1 Cor. 9:1, 16-17 ; 2 Cor. 3:4-4:6 ; 5:16 ; Eph. 3:1-13 ; Col. l:23-29 ) . Those mentions emphasis the significance Paul placed on his transition experience and for finding his ministry.

Acacia Tree Essays

Acacia Tree Essays Acacia Tree Essay Acacia Tree Essay Acacia Tree in Thailand Acacia sprigs were planted by the Hebrew people at the head of a grave for 2 purposes: 1. To mark the location of the grave. 2. To show their belief in immortality. Immortality: Both the Hebrews and the Egyptians believed that because of its hardness, durability and evergreen nature, that this tree was a symbol of both innocence and immortality. Shittim: In the Bible, it is called â€Å"shittim†. Chosen above all others, shittim was the wood which God commanded Moses to use to create the Ark of the Covenant into which Moses placed the 2 stone tablets upon which The 10 Commandments were carved. Ark of the Covenant: The entire chapter of Exodus 37 is devoted to the creation of the Ark of the Covenant. The Ark was first constructed of shittim wood and then overlaid with gold before being placed into the Holy of Holies (Sanctum Sanctorum) in Solomons Temple. Hardwood: The wood is a beautiful hardwood with dark and light coloring. Due to this intermingled coloring, furniture and flooring made from its wood is both very durable, as well as exceptionally beautiful. The tree is a thorny, and many times multi stemmed tree or bush which many would call a scrub tree because it never grows large and tall like an oak, walnut or many other hardwood trees. Depending on the species, the seeds grow into either trees or shrubs, which are hardy in many climates, but they are not long-lived trees. Their typical lifespan is between 30 to 40 years. Deep Roots: In order for it to survive in very dry, arid lands such as parts of Israel, Iran, Iraq, Australia, Africa, etc. , it has very deep roots from which to absorb more water in arid lands. Some species have roots which are 40-60 meters (approximately 120-180 feet deep). Genus: The genus Acacia belongs to the family Mimosaceae and is related to both the Locust and the Mimosa trees. There are approximately 1350 species of Acacia found throughout the world and close to 1000 of these are found in Australia. Varieties: Different varieties are common in many countries such as Australia, Africa, Madagascar, throughout Asia, Israel, Iran, Iraq, South America, southern parts of the United States as well as in the Pacific. They are found in a wide range of differing habitats from coastal, wet and tropical to sub-alpine (just below treeline), but are most prevalent in the arid and semi-arid areas.

System enginnering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System enginnering - Essay Example While artistic concepts have been retained from pre enlightenment period, analytical concepts of engineering are modern. One of the systems engineering principles that Griffin applies in his paper is maintenance of â€Å"integrity of the system† to ensure purpose (Leffingwell and Widrig, p. 69). This is expressed in his argument that failure is inevitable in processes and cannot be controlled by â€Å"additional processes, safety measures and alerts† (Griffins, p. 5). Consequently, high level of integrity, both in a system’s development process and in the system’s components is essential in successful systems engineering (Griffins, p. 5, 7). This further identifies the principle of identification and management of systems’ needs, instead of establishing control measures to protect and sustain a system (Griffins, p. 5). Griffins’ definition of system’s engineering (p. 6) also identifies the system’s principles of identifying the problem to be solved and client’s needs from the system. He achieves this by identifying the engineering scope that involves satisfying specifications under constraints. He also addresses principles such as developments of, and adherence to plans, exploration of alternatives, and validation of processes through the scientific approach of process analysis (Griffins, p. 5-7; Leffingwell and

Global Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Environmental Issues - Essay Example US Company such as Exide Technologies export used batteries to Mexico for secondary melting. These batteries mostly contain lead. Through recycling, lead is useful. Unfortunately, lead exposure has severe effects to the health of the workers as well as the environment (Pistoia, Wiaux and Wolsky, 2014). The Exide Technologies exports lead to Mexico due to the low cost of recycling. These prompts many companies to export lead to Mexico. This brings many environmental issues. There is a difference in the regulations between US and Mexico. This leads to the question if US companies are acting in a socially and ethical way. Five environmental issues arise in these scenarios. It is unethical for US companies pollute the environment and the surrounding in order to save money (Mitchell, 2009). Ethical dilemma arises due the inferior environmental regulations in the host nations as compared to the home nation. Global climate change is an issue affecting all the nations. Resources held common by all, owned by no one are sustainable to degradation. Degradation comes by nations moving productions to low cost areas and pumping pollutants into the environment, this harms global commons. The question here is whether it is legal or ethical to carry out these activities. Lead is a poisonous gas, which is hazardous to the environment. This perspective of the US being unethical can probably say that U.S. companies should follow proper safety procedures regardless of whether they are mandated by law. Consequently, there should be an agreement between the two countries that will commit both nations to equivalent environmental regulations to avoid development of polluta nts harmful to the environment. Furthermore, a regulatory framework can be established in Mexico to close the gap in the environment performance and accurate data on performance be made available to the public, this data can include air

Globalisation - Fair Trade or Free Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalisation - Fair Trade or Free Trade - Essay Example rmine poor farmers in some African countries, thus creating a â€Å"free trade versus fair trade† conundrum which must be solved if African farmers are to develop modern commercial agricultural techniques and a ready export market. This paper will also discuss some European consumer efforts at buying â€Å"fair trade† goods from third-world farmers, but how these efforts are more conscience-palliative than actually effective in increasing the incomes of poor farmers in Africa. No developed nation is completely innocent of protecting its own farmers at the expense of poor third-world producers. The United States, for example, has a significant farm subsidy program which accounts for 11% of all agricultural receipts. The EU, however, with its more generous program, pays fully 33% of all farm receipts, with subsidies reaching over 50% in some countries. This paper will argue that these blocks to free trade not only cost European consumers (with higher prices and lower availability and quality), but they also directly harm third-world farmers whose welfare the politicians and citizens of the EU claim that they would like to help. This paper will demonstrate that, with true free trade in farm commodities, the benefits to third-world farmers and European consumers alike would be far greater than Fair Trade practices on their own. No developed nation is immune from the temptation to protect its farmers. In the United States, the current 5-year farm bill (which has been extended every 5 years since the 1930s) will inject approximately $273 billion into farm ‘supports’ over the next five-year period (NPR, 2007) (SLC, 2007). This amount appears high, but is only 1/10th of the amount of agricultural production of greater than $2.5 trillion expected over the period. Additionally, the farm price supports which take a significant portion of the allocation may not, in fact, be used, as the global prices for commodity farm products like corn and wheat are expected to

Parent-Child Communication Throughout Adolescences

Parent-Child Communication Throughout Adolescences Denise Moon   The professional area of psychology this article represents is Developmental Psychology which can be defined as scientific study on how human beings develop during the course of their life span. The subject matter of this particular article focuses on developmental changes in parent-child communication throughout adolescences. Psychology professionals throughout this paper such as counselors at school, family youth counselings and social service workers advise will be used to assist on giving support on how to much sure parents and their teen s learn to communicate effectively. This paper will show the advantages of parent-child communication and how important it is to ensure parents and teens have an effective and close relationship. Communication can play a key factor for an adolescences and parent relationship. It is so vital that parents keep an effective line of communication with their child as well as when they reach teenagers. It is essential that parents keep a loving positive relationship with their child from early childhood to adolescents. During early adolescence it is essential that young teens feel comfortable having a conversation and discussing daily plans and private issues with their parents. Adolescences want to be able to communicate with someone they feel they can trust and not be judged all the time. Often parents feel uncomfortable talking to their teenager about certain things just as the teen does. As stated by Lippold, Duncan, Coatsworth, Nix Greenberg (2015 p. 1671), Interventions to improve mindful parenting may be one avenue to promote parent-adolescent communication during early adolescence. The psychological theoretical perspectives presented in this paper focuses on how the developmental changes in parents and child communication carries on from early childhood until middle or to late adolescents. Communication with your child early on their life gives parents a greater chance at forming a close relationship where the young teen feels comfortable opening up and talking with their parent. It is imperative to a teenager that the parent is actually listening to what they are saying as well as valuing their opinion. It can really mean a lot to a young teen to feel like what theyre saying is important. As a parent it is essential to take out the time and not interrupt the young teen until youve heard everything they have to say before passing judgment. It is vital that parents know how much communicating with their adolescences child could prevent their child from committing suicide, using drugs and many other issues that young teens face in todays society. Communicating with young adolescences can open many doors and opportunities to form a positive as well as loving relationship between parent and child. This also gives parents a chance to gain their childs trust. Teens in todays society have to face many issues in school today such as peer pressure which can cause them to become depressed and go through a deep depression which often leads to teen suicide. According to King Vidourek (2012 p. 15), Research clearly indicates family connectedness helps to prevent suicide even if teens are socially isolated from peers. According to Shireen, Janapana., Rehmatullah, Temuri Azim (2014 p.206), Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people aged 15-24 in the USA. Social Media has also become a major factor in the lives of many young teens today. Many teens have to deal with the cyber bullying and other issues that are out there now on the internet. Having a positive line of communication with your child allows you to be able to discuss with them all the advantages and disadvantage of being able to do things online. Communicating with the teen will allow them to feel like they can talk to their parents about the problems they having on social media and any other issues they may be facing,. Many teens commit suicide because they feel all alone and feel like they have no one who understands how they truly feel inside. According to Willard, (2006 p. 54), Cyber bullying may include sending or posting harmful material or using digital technology to inflict social cruelty on victims. In conclusion showing your adolescent teenager love and respect can allow a parent to open up those lines of communication and start a great relationship with their child. Communicating and listening to your young teen can play a major part in the teens life. Parenting is hard work and times have definitely changed since the nineteen eighties. Teenagers in todays society are faced with many challenges that can be solved through effective communication between parent and child. It is essential that parents allow their child to have some privacy but at the same time parents have to ensure their young teen that as a parent they will be there for them with listening ears whenever they need to talk about anything. References King, K. A., Vidourek, R. A. (2012). Teen Depression and Suicide: Effective Prevention and Intervention Strategies. Prevention Researcher, 19(4), 15-17. Lippold, M., Duncan, L., Coatsworth, J., Nix, R., Greenberg, M. (2015). Understanding How Mindful Parenting May Be Linked to Mother-Adolescent Communication. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 44(9), 1663. doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0325-x Shireen, Janapana., Rehmatullah, Temuri Azim (2014). Trauma experience of youngsters and Teens: A key issue in suicidal behavior among victims of bullying?. Pakistan Journal Of Medical Sciences, 30(1), 206. doi:10.12669/pjms.301.4072 Willard, N.E. (2006). Cyber bullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats and distress (2nd ed.). Eugene, OR: Center for Safe and Responsible

What is the Significance of the Heath in Return of the Native? :: English Literature

What is the Significance of the Heath in Return of the Native? It is evident right from the beginning that the heath plays an integral part in the novel â€Å"Return of the Native†, this is because the opening chapter is exclusively about the heath. The heath assists in creating the feelings of both central characters and the background heath folk, the first chapter is titled â€Å"A Face on which Time makes but little Impression†, meaning that Egdon Heath is timeless and everybody on it has little significance. The reader gains an insight of the novel and its genre through the first chapter, â€Å"It had a lonely face, suggesting tragical possibilities.† This aids the reader in identifying that there is going to be something tragical in the novel. Hardy is also using personification, which brings the heath to life. In spite of this, the first chapter also does what every other first chapter in a novel does, it sets the scene. Egdon Heath, as far as the novel is concerned and the characters inside it, is the world. The only time that the novel ever abandons the heath is only briefly between pages 253-257 which is the part when Wildeve and Eustacia are at the dance together in Budmouth. It is comprehensible that the heath folk consider Egdon Heath to be everything when they talk about Paris as if it were a million miles away, â€Å"like a King’s Palace as far as diments go† is the description they use when describing Clym’s shop. Hardy also uses the heath as a metaphor for how the central characters are feeling. On page 206, when Clym moves out of his mothers house, the fir and beech trees are described to be â€Å"suffering more damage than during the highest winds of winter†¦ the wasting sap would bleed for many days to come†. We also get an insight to the way Eustacia is feeling through the storm on the heath on page 345-346, â€Å"Never was harmony more perfect than that between the chaos of her mind and the chaos of the world without†. The brief flowering in the summer time on Egdon heath represents the love between Eustacia and Clym, when it flowered it was beautiful and colourful and sweet, but it soon drooped, dried out and finally died. When Wildeve and Diggory Venn are playing dice on the heath, the contrast is prominent between human behaviour and nature, â€Å"The incongruity between the men’s deeds and their environment was striking†. Hardy is making a comment on human nature and it’s battle against nature. The behaviour of the two men is described as almost

Boldwood’s Christmas party Essay

Bathsheba Everdene is the main character in a Thomas Hardy novel called â€Å"Far From the Madding Crowd†. Which is set in Wessex. Bathsheba’s character is along with many other things decisive, brisk, vain, businesslike, and independent. However you see her evolve throughout the book, mainly as a result of her marriage to Frank Troy. At the beginning of the story Hardy seems to focus on her bad qualities, though you still see people wishing to be married to her. Some good qualities are shown as well like her thoughtful response to save Gabriel’s life. Her first fault is vanity. This trait is mentioned in chapter one, almost everything else follows on from this. Vanity affects the way she behaves in a powerful way. Her vanity makes her annoyed and angry at not attracting Boldwood’s attention. When she meets Frank Troy he plays up to her vanity by paying her compliments and showing her flirtatious affection. By the end of the story she shows that she has grown out of or overcome her vanity. Instead of wanting to stand out and have everyone looking at her, at Boldwood’s Christmas party, she dresses down and wants to merge into the background. You can also see she is not vain because when Boldwood praises her beauty the comments have no effect. Her life experiences have caused this change in her. The main life experience is her marriage to Frank Troy which affected her the most. She transforms from a confident character to a submissive and introverted figure she becomes less and less like her usual self. The first sign you see of independence is fairly near the beginning in chapter three, when we see her riding the horse. Instead of doing it the conventional ladylike way we see her lie flat on her back on top of the horse’s back. This could be showing her independence and unconventional behaviour, this would tie in with an independent spirit â€Å"too wild†. She likes to have independence so later on in the story when this is taken away from her we see her rely on Gabriel Oak. She always had her own independence, but when she got married she lost that independence and we see her seek advice and help from Gabriel Oak. At one point in the story she rejects Gabriel’s advice, but later on in chapter fifty four she asks for it. This shows a big change in her personality. She once would have done her own thing and maybe even sacked Gabriel for his ‘advice’ whereas she now values both him and his opinion. Her independence continues to be shown throughout the rest if the story, even after her marriage to Frank Troy. Independence along with confidence is showed when she goes to the corn market and is the only woman there. Another characteristic shown is confidence with businesslike skills. An example of this would be when she takes it upon herself to sack her bailiff. â€Å"I have formed a resolution to have no bailiff at all†. Bathsheba’s confidence continues to be shown with her decision to pay the workers herself in chapter ten. Bathsheba has a lot of confidence in herself. â€Å"In short I shall astonish you all†. This is said shortly after her decision to have no bailiff when she is convincing the staff that she can manage. The speech shows her self-confidence shining and her belief in her own ability. Towards the end of the novel we see her find an even balance between the overconfidence which she showed through the beginning of the novel which made her appear full of herself, compared with when she had little or no confidence and relied on Frank Troy, to finally become a person who can cope on her own but realises she cannot do everything to the best of her ability without assistance. Before we see her lose her self confidence she shows she believes in herself by going to the Corn Market, making her the only woman present. One thing bothers Bathsheba; the fact that Boldwood is the only person who does not take notice of her. This lack of attention shows us how she craves to be the centre of attention; you could even go as far as calling her an attention seeker. She will do silly antics in an attempt to attract people’s attention. For example the Valentine’s Day card. Bathsheba tries to make herself popular with everyone especially men; this seems to be her biggest desire. In chapter thirteen she mischievously sends a Valentine card to Boldwood to attract his attention. This starts Bathsheba’s change. She wants people to notice her and does not sit around waiting she takes action for herself. The sending of the Valentines card shows her vain characteristic. A big characteristic she shows throughout is impulsiveness, she does things without thinking. The Valentine’s Day card is an example of this; another example of this earlier in the book is when she chases Gabriel Oak after he had been wrongly informed that many men wanted her hand in marriage; though she did not want to accept his proposal. She did not think that her actions would show this until after the conversation her and Gabriel had. Many of her actions are on impulse she doesn’t think things through first. Later on however she takes time to think about Fanny’s grave and she decides to clean it up and replant the bulbs on it. This also shows she can be selfless. When Gabriel gives her advice early in the novel she decides she doesn’t like what he has to say. She sacks him whilst she was angry and acting highly impulsively. This demonstrates how she doesn’t want to face the truth even though she values his opinion; later in the novel after the â€Å"drowning† of Frank Troy she relents asking him for his thoughts.

Analysis of the Poem “The Second Coming” by William Butler Yeats Essays

Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Essays Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Paper Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Paper One of the most resounding names in the discussion of 20th century literature is of the great William Butler Yeats. His works and even his biography are staple study materials for those who endeavor in literature studies. With that being said, it would also be important to study one of his greatest works. One of his best known works, also considered one of his finest, is the poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† Many artists claim that they were influenced by William Butler Yeats and this particular poem has been cited by other works of art. With that taken into consideration, many works of art by other artists can be considered offshoots of Yeats’ poem. It could also be assumed that in a way, this particular poem had somehow influence the art that we are experiencing today. This paper would attempt to present and analyze Yeats’ poem and look into the different aspects why it had become popular among poets and enthusiasts of poetry. Objectives The paper would not delve into a vicious criticism of the work at hand. The main objective would be to present the poem as not merely a poem, but a work of art that needs a deeper view and profound appreciation. Moreover, this particular poem had influenced many other artists. That would only mean that the influence of Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† would be visible in many other works of art. It is an assumption that after an analysis of the poem, we would be able to determine how it had influenced other works of art. In simpler terms, if we would try to understand the poem, we would be granted a better understanding of the poem at hand and of the other works. There is a popular notion in the world of poetry that once an author had explained his or her work, the poem is being stripped of its divine quality. It is just fortunate that the author did not design this poem in an explicit manner.   Another popular notion in the world of art is that explicitness is dangerous to any form of art. And so, setting aside those popular notions, the work at hand belongs to the genre of poetry. Poetry is often coined as the art of misleading, it often leaves the readers scratching their heads. With all of that being said, reading a review before or after tackling a poem would undeniably be of great help to readers. The author Before we traverse further in the discussion, it would be helpful to have a brief overview of the author’s background. The objective of this part follows the logic of an old saying that tells us that the fruit doesn’t fall very far from the tree. The relationship of the fruit and the tree is just the same case for poems and poets. That is because we can understand a work better if we have an idea of the person that had come up with the work. William Butler Yeats is an Irish writer born and educated in the city of Dublin. He was born on the thirteenth of June 1865, and had passed away on the twenty-eighth of January 1939. As stated in the introduction, he would be a great representative of literature during the 20th century. He had endeavored in multiple genres of literature, but the most significant ones would be in drama and poetry. As a testament to his success as a writer, he had been a recipient of the highly-coveted Nobel Prize for literature (Foster 6-27). And of course, there is the worldwide readership and his influence that has spanned generations. nbsp; The poem Since the poem is not that long, it would be better for this paper to include the poem within its contents. The inclusion of the work to be analyzed would enable us to consult the work whenever we need to. Moreover, a review of the work is undeniably essential to any analysis. The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity nbsp; Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of the Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in the sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? (Yeats 403) Brief background of the poem Yeats’ poem entitled â€Å"The Second Coming† was first printed in the American Magazine â€Å"The Dial† in November of 1920. The first printing was followed by the inclusion of the poem in Yeats’ collection of poems entitled â€Å"Michael Robartes and the Dancer† in 1921. The poem is known to be written during 1919, just after World War I. (Brown 71-72) Definition of terms The word gyre is one of the most noticeable unfamiliar terms in the poem. A gyre basically refers to a spinning vortex. The word is usually used to allude to the movements of oceanic and wind currents. Yeats had already incorporated the term in his book â€Å"A Vision†, which was published in 1925. Another term in poem that is calling attention is â€Å"spiritus mundi.† The term basically translates to the â€Å"spirit of the world.† The concept is in-line with Yeats’ belief that every mind of all individuals is somehow linked to a single vast intelligence (Foster 44) And for us to understand more of nature of some of the lines, we need to consult some works of other writers. The echoing lines in the last part of the first stanza â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity.† It is said that those lines are in reference to the famous passages of the story Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley. According to Yeats himself, during his childhood he had read Shelley’s book religiously and it had been an influence ever since (Foster 402) â€Å"The Second Coming† is of course in reference to the prophecy about second coming of Christ. This prophecy could be located in the bible specifically in the books of Matthew and the Revelations. Writing style At first glance, readers could carelessly conclude that the poem is a free-verse. The poem seemingly does not follow any rhyme scheme and meter whatsoever. But after orally reading the poem, that is when readers could easily appreciate the intricate design of the poem. If the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† would be categorized according to a sub-genre of poetry, it would belong to the â€Å"lyrical† style of poetry. As the name suggests, lyric poems is basically a kind of poetry that, just like a song, has musical qualities incorporated within it. And of course, to make a poem lyrical would mean to put rhymes for the poem to make distinct sounds. Although there are some, there are not many rhymes in the poem. In contrast to most classic poems, the number of end-rhymes was only reduced only into two in this particular poem. The few end-rhymes are: â€Å"hold† along with â€Å"world†, and although repetitive â€Å"hand† along with â€Å"hand.† Although there were only a few end-rhymes, the poem was interspersed with internal rhyming. But the internal rhyming that Yeats had done is not as technical as it sounds. He had just repeated some of the words to achieve the effect of internal rhymes. As we could observe in the poem â€Å"turning and turning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer†, â€Å"surely some revelation is at hand† / â€Å"surely the Second Coming is at hand† (Yeats 403) The overall effect to the combination of the handful of internal rhymes and the few petty end-rhymes enables the poem to sound as if there are echoes. This effect is best described by the second line â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer.† Brown was able to describe the effect of the poem in a more technical manner. According to him, the lack of form and the emphasis on the repetitions creates an impression to the readers that a poetry that has no form is just enough to describe the concept of â€Å"The Second Coming†- as if it is just a captured dream or a recorded hallucination. (Brown 72) The rhyming is not only the element of poetry that some readers might overlook. Reading the poem only visually would not enable the reader to determine that there is an underlying metric pattern within the poem. This particular metric pattern is known as the iambic pentameter, a metric pattern that is often associated with Shakespeare and other classic poets. The iambic pentameter is basically a metric pattern commonly characterized by a line being made up of five iambic feet. Here is a rough illustration of the iambic pentameter: duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM. And now here are the lines of the poem according to the illustration of the iambic pentameter: turn ING / and TURN / ing IN / the WIDE / ning GYRE†¦ surely LY / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND. Although the iambic pentameter is one of the most fundamental and recognizable metric patterns in poetry, it is just understandable that it would be hard for some to locate it in this particular poem. The poem does not follow an iambic pentameter as its only metric pattern, the first lines of each stanza follow the metric pattern called trochee. A trochee is basically a line that consists of a stressed syllable that is followed by an unstressed syllable. Themes To analyze the poem in a technical aspect like meter and rhyme may take some time and much research. But even at the first reading, one could easily see that the poem is rich in imagery, personification, irony, exaggeration, and of course, symbolisms. Its richness as a text makes the poem a versatile piece for plain poetry enthusiasts and for those who endeavors in rigorous literature studies. Perhaps the success of the poem owes much to the fact that there are many themes that can be unearthed from the poem. It is very likely that the one of the themes that a reader could immediately assume is that the poem takes on religion. There is a considerable count of words that connote the topic of religion. Even the title alone, â€Å"The Second Coming†, already directs us to the discussion of Christ or even Christianity in general. The concept of the â€Å"Second Coming† is considered a prophecy. It was prophesized in the bible, particularly in the books of Matthew and the Revelations, that there would be a second reappearance of Christ.   This prophecy is an integral part of the Christian faith and one of the reasons why Christians follow the teachings of the church.   And just like in the bible, some also consider Yeats poem as prophetic. The form of the poem is like a prophecy of the impending randomness that we are all to experience in gyre called society. On the other hand, it could also be that Yeats is taking the side of religion as â€Å"the falcon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Christians] â€Å"†¦cannot hear the falconer† [God]. It could be about the gradual degeneration of the level of faith of people on religion. In the phrase â€Å"the best lack conviction†, the best could be an allusion to Christians.   That is as opposed to phrase â€Å"the worst are full of passionate intensity†, in which the worst could be an allusion to non-Christians. It seems that Yeats had juxtaposed Christians to the other religions. And in his portrayal it seems that the non-Christians are having the upper hand in terms of having a â€Å"passionate intensity† with regards to faith. Moreover, the birthplace of Christ, Bethlehem, is mentioned in the last line of the poem â€Å"slouches towards Bethlehem to be born†? Many see religion as a dominant theme of the poem because Yeats is known for his fascination with the spiritual and the mythological. The words that can be associated with religion are ceremony, revelation, Spiritus Mundi, and Bethlehem. As a support for Yeats’ reputation of having a fascination for the spiritual and the mythological is the inclusion of a sphinx-like creature. This sphinx-like creature could be located in the line â€Å"a shape with lion body and the head of a man.† Yeats seems to have a fondness of mythological creatures such as the sphinx. There are many other works of Yeats that cite the sphinx. It should be taken into consideration that the sphinx is regarded as a religious icon in ancient Egypt. Aside from religion and spiritual themes, themes that take a political and societal tone are also present in the poem. The line â€Å"the falcon cannot hear the falconer† could be roughly interpreted to the subordinate cannot hear the leader.   And if the gyre is considered as a metaphor for the society, it is constantly widening. In relation to the poem, a widening gyre would mean that the spinning would be more turbulent. Yeats may have wanted to say that as time passes, the problem of the degeneration of society is getting more and more out of hand. Yeats had also seemingly stated his view of the society. The line â€Å"things fall apart, the centre cannot hold† could be alluding to the arguably degeneration of the society as it is swaying away from the old ways and adopting new ideas. But perhaps out of all the lines of the poem, the line â€Å"mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†, is the line that gives the poem a political flavor. The inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy† alone is almost enough to lead readers to the theme of politics. If the reader would read Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† during times of political instability, the reader could even generalize that the poem is basically about revolutions, insurgencies, activists, and the likes. The first line â€Å"turning and turning in the widening gyre† could simply mean that political instability is an ongoing trend in our societies. The second line â€Å"the falconer cannot hear the falconer† refers to the constituents of the tyrannical leadership. The people are refusing to hear the falconer’s [tyrant’s] commands. But Yeats had shown in this particular poem that he could be antirevolutionary. Yeats presents the consequences of a revolution â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold.† The picture that line paints in our minds is a typical picture of revolutions. That line could trigger images of dilapidated buildings, monuments and homes. That line basically refers to the chaos that revolutions could bring. The chaos that the poem had painted would be followed by the inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy.† Then it would all be amplified by the line â€Å"the blood-dimed tide is loosed, and everywhere.† Yeats had also expressed his view on the topic of social classes in this poem. The last lines of the first paragraph â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity† is begging the question: who are the â€Å"best† that are lacking conviction, and who are the â€Å"worst† that are full of passionate intensity? It is not unfamiliar to us that in discussions of social classes, categories are determined as either black or white. An individual could just either be rich or poor, educated and uneducated, and other determinants of social classes. It appears that Yeats’ view is that the privileged strata of the society is lacking faith and the working-class and medium-income part of the society are full of passionate intensity. This portrayal of Yeats is a common scenario in revolutions. The privileged part of the society seem to lack conviction when radical social change is about to happen. Yeats poem would lead the reader to the irony that the poor is the more active participant in the revolutions. That is despite the poor’s depressed and financially-lacking state. It seems that the common scenario in a revolution is that the rich is just standing in the background. That is just understandable as the rich and the poor would always think differently. As the poem says it â€Å"the best lack all conviction†, they do not want any part of the revolution. A likely reason is that they do not want to take part in the revolution is that because of the nature of the word revolution. Conclusion Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† is certainly a controversial poem. Controversial not just because of it is a hybrid of free-verse and form, but also because of the themes that it generates. Nonetheless, the success of the poem is undeniable. The very evidences for that is its inclusion to many anthologies and publications. But the very testament of the poem’s success is that it continually calls controversy even up to this date. Moreover, the title â€Å"The Second Coming† is just aptly given to the poem. Just like the religious concept of the second coming of Christ, the poem also takes such mysterious quality. The â€Å"first coming† for the poem would be its first publication in 1920.   But as opposed to the religious second coming, the poem seems to reappearing again and again. It seems that the past and the future generations would still appreciate the poem for being one of the greatest poems ever written. nbsp;

The Scarlet Letter1 essays

The Scarlet Letter1 essays In the book The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a character by the name of Roger Chillingworth had committed the unpardonable sin and he basically killed another character, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Everyone has been in a position where they have had the chance of manipulating or blackmailing someone. Chillingworth did exactly that and ended up breaking down Dimmesdale to his death. Dimmesdale was not the single one affected by Chillingworths deeds. Chillingworth had a spouse, but no one knew of their relationship. Her name was Hester Prynne and she had an illegitimate child named Pearl. The Reverend Dimmesdale had an affair with Hester, and he is the real father of Pearl. Throughout the novel the people of Boston were withheld this information, along with the information of Hesters real husband. Chillingworth was a physician, or back in those days a doctor was called a leech. Dimmesdale started to feel ill, thus starting the beginning of his end. Dimmesdale became not simply a patient of Chillingworth, but a roommate as well. Being in such close contact with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has come to know the ministers most private emotions, and he has begun to suspect that Dimmesdales illness is the result of a deep secret that has at no time been confided with another. In a sequestered conversation with Hester, Chillingworth made a vow to descry the real father of Pearl, and expose him. In a conversation with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth brings up the question of why an individual would be willing to carry secret sins to his grave sooner than confess them during his lifetime. Dimmesdale and Chillingworth exchange their thoughts. One of Chillingworths was, Wouldst thou have me to believe, O wise and pious friend, that a false show can be better-can be more for Gods glory, or mans welfare-than Gods own truth? Trust me, such me ...

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