A Model Organism Is A Non Human Species - 1947 Words

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Model organisms are in vivo models and are widely used to research human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. This strategy is made possible by the common descent of all living organisms and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution. Studying model organisms can be informative, but care must be taken when extrapolating from one organism to another. In researching human disease, model organisms allow for better understanding the disease process without the added risk of harming an actual human. The species chosen will usually meet a determined taxonomic equivalency to humans, so as to react to disease or its treatment in a way that resembles human physiology as needed. Although biological activity in a model organism does not ensure an effect in humans, many drugs, treatments and cures for human diseases are developed in part with the guidance of animal models. There are three main types of disease models: homologous, isomorphic and predictive. Homologous animals have the same causes, symptoms and treatment options as would humans who have the same disease. Isomorphic animals share the same symptoms and treatments. Predictive models are similarShow MoreRelatedThe Spandrels Of San Marco And The Panglossian Paradigm1722 Words   |  7 Pagesreason for the evolution of species. Gould and Lewontin provide a pluralistic approach of how species are evolved rather than basing on natural selection. Therefore, these scientists used the central dome of St Mark’s Cathedral in Venice to represent the other possible explanations of the evolution in species. Most importantly, Gould and Lewontin used spandrels and other findings as an analogy to parallelize the evolution of organisms as an unintentional byproduct of the species. Gould and Lewontin introduceRead MoreA Community Of Organisms With Their Environment1327 Words   |  6 Pagesby the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment. Ecology is a branch of biology having to deal with the relations and interactions between organisms, their environment, and other organisms. A community in an ecosystem is an assemblage of interacting populations occupying a given area. A habitat is an area or environment where an organism or an ecological community lives. There is a large diversity in an ecosystem, for example, the species, environment, and the plant diversityRead MoreRespect Of Nature : A Theory Of Environmental Ethics Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pageseffort to live one s life in a way that respects the welfare and inherent worth of all living creatures. This egalitarian theory is a biologically-informed, philosophical worldview about humans, nature, and the place of human civilization in the natural world. By adhering and defending it , Taylor creates a model for the equal consideration of all sentient beings based on the objective conceptual shift that the mental state of an organism’s well-being is a functioning of its â€Å"flourishing†, realizingRead MoreA Sexual Reproduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesprimary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as the archaea,bacteria, and protists. Many plants and fungi reproduce asexually as well. While all prokaryotes reproduce asexually (without the formation and fusion of gametes), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction. A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relatively rare among multicellular organisms, particularly animals. It is not entirelyRead MoreWhy Is Beaver Activity Is A Public Nuisance Or Beneficial Ecological Restoration?1749 Words   |  7 PagesBeavers, as ecosystem engineers, can reshape the geomorphology, hydrology, and biotic composition of a channel through their activities. By doing so, beavers increase habitat heterogeneity plus species diversity at the landscape scale. Sometimes a beaver’s activity will disturb humans and cause them to question the benefits of beavers. The question of whether beaver activity is a public nuisance or beneficial ecological restoration has much to do with people’s understanding of beavers. The abundantRead MoreS ocial and Ethical Implications of Biotechnology Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesmodifying genes and transferring genes are the advantages to the new hosts. The term biotechnology is also a part of gene technology in which the use of living things to make or to change products. Biotechnology is been used for centuries by the humans in the activities ranging from animal breeding through to brewing baking and plants. (What is genetic modification (GM)? | CSIRO, 2007). The term Genetic Modification of an Animal interrelates and involves the altering its genetic materialRead MoreThe World s Most Important Pollinators For Agricultural Purposes958 Words   |  4 PagesFDA for commercial use in the form of three derivative products. In March 2012 lincomycin hydrochloride was approved as well (7). Though rifampicin is definitively the most effective antibiotic against AFB/EFB it main use is against tuberculosis in humans therefore it will not be approved for agricultural use. American foulbrood and other bee diseases seriously decrease commercial yield for beekeepers around the world, to prevent this from happening widespread use of OTC began in the 50s to increaseRead MoreGenetically Organisms : Genetically Modified Organism1528 Words   |  7 PagesA GMO is a genetically modified organism. It is a process of taking â€Å"genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to obtain a desired trait or characteristic, and this is why they are also called transgenic organism† (About GMO). This process is categorized under two names even though they are one in the same, Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification. In order for a scientist to introduce new DNA into an organism, they must go through a series of steps or methods like:Read MoreDarwinists and Dissenters1535 Words   |  7 PagesDid God create the universe or did the universe create itself? Ever since Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was first published in 1859, the debate between those that believe life was brought into existence by supernatural means and those who believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution has been fierce. Each side presents compelling arguments that may sway any uneducated reader to agree with their position based solely on the confidence they portray in their writings. However, because of the vastnessRead MoreTuberculosis And The Hiv / Aid Epidemic1414 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history humans have been plagued with mycobacterial diseases, most notably, Tuberculosis and Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively. [1] However, with the advent of antimicrobial cocktails and public health measures, the incidence of these diseases saw a sharp decline. [1-2] Conversely, with the increase of pulmonary diseases due to smoking, immunosuppressive drug therapies, and the HIV/AID epidemic, the incidence of diseases caused by non-Tuberculosis